Cost-benefit analysis of a national thalassaemia prevention programme in Israel.

OBJECTIVE In Israel (population 5.7 million) there are around 200 known living subjects with thalassaemia major, of whom around 80% are from the northern district. This study aims at examining the costs and benefits of a national screening programme to prevent thalassaemia in Israel. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The lifetime healthcare costs of caring for a person born with thalassaemia major are $284,154. The costs of the home infusion service (33.1%) actually exceed the costs of the chelating agent itself (22.1%). The remaining 44.8% of costs are due to stay in hospital, operations, outpatient visits, laboratory tests, therapists, etc. Lost earnings and premature mortality costs account for a further $51,843 and $141,944 respectively for each case. A national screening programme would cost $900,197 and prevent around 13.4 homozygotes being born, at a cost of $67,369 for each birth prevented. The benefit-cost ratio of the programme to the health services is 4.22:1, which increases to 6.01:1 when a societal perspective is taken. However, around 13.0 homozygote births are still expected to occur, the majority owing to lack of compliance of patients at various stages in the screening process. The addition of a national health education programme for the higher risk non-Jewish population either nationally or in selected regions will incur extra costs, which may be covered by increased benefits as a result of better compliance with the screening programme. CONCLUSION Israel should start to provide a nationwide thalassaemia screening programme as the monetary benefits to society (and even to the health services alone) will exceed the screening programmes costs.